Pollination ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eomecon chionantha</Emphasis> Hance (Papaveraceae), an endemic species in China

Eomecon chionantha Hance, the only species in the genus Eomecon, is an angiosperm species endemic to China. Here we investigated the pollination syndrome, pollinator generalization of E. chionantha. Our results showed that the individual flower longevity of E. chionantha was 3–5 days. The flowering phenology of E. chionantha can be divided into five phases. We found significant differences in the pollination efficiency of the different insects visiting E. chionantha with bees and flies being the most efficient pollinators. This, in addition to floral morphology and phenology, suggests that E. chionantha is generalized on bees and flies and possesses an outcrossing, partially self-compatible and pollinator-dependent breeding system.     

鄱阳湖湿地土壤-植物-地下水稳定氧同位素组成分析

近年来,鄱阳湖水位持续走低,极端干旱事件频繁发生,湿地生态系统结构与功能遭受破坏。为此,于2014年鄱阳湖湿地保护区两个断面分层采集0~100 cm土壤,并采集优势种植物和河湖水以及地下水数据,运用稳定同位素技术,分析了土壤-植物-河湖水-地下水稳定同位素变化特征,并探寻它们之间的补给关系。结果表明,两断面土壤水氧同位素变化范围分别为–10.48‰~–5.23‰和–12.39‰~–6.55‰,算术平均值分别为–8.36‰和–8.63‰。断面一表层(0~30 cm)土壤水氧重同位素较富集,且随深度增加而减小;断面二表层(0~40 cm)土壤水中氧同位素组成基本无变化。断面一的地下水主要是受降水补给,断面二可能是受降水和河湖水共同补给。鄱阳湖湿地两断面优势种植物虉草叶片水的氧同位素值最大,为–0.9‰,其次是灰化苔草和芦苇,分别为–4.23‰和–5.25‰。     

Deep learning architecture for air quality predictions

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, many developing countries are suffering from heavy air pollution. Governments and citizens have expressed increasing concern regarding air pollution because it affects human health and sustainable development worldwide. Current air quality prediction methods mainly use shallow models; however, these methods produce unsatisfactory results, which inspired us to investigate methods of predicting air quality based on deep architecture models. In this paper, a novel spatiotemporal deep learning (STDL)-based air quality prediction method that inherently considers spatial and temporal correlations is proposed. A stacked autoencoder (SAE) model is used to extract inherent air quality features, and it is trained in a greedy layer-wise manner. Compared with traditional time series prediction models, our model can predict the air quality of all stations simultaneously and shows the temporal stability in all seasons. Moreover, a comparison with the spatiotemporal artificial neural network (STANN), auto regression moving average (ARMA), and support vector regression (SVR) models demonstrates that the proposed method of performing air quality predictions has a superior performance.     

中国食品工业可持续发展现状分析与对策——基于河南、四川、青海三省食品企业的调查

改革开放30多年来,中国的食品工业有突飞猛进的发展,食品企业的生产能力大幅提升,但中国食品工业仍然存在着诸如食品质量体系不健全、食品安全隐患大等问题.分析了我国食品工业可持续发展生产的背景,然后就河南、四川、青海三省的食品企业可持续发展生产状况做了问卷分析.根据问卷分析结果,从政府层面、企业层面、社会层面提出促进我国食品工业可持续发展的建议.     

复合型CoO/TiO2光催化剂降解亚甲基蓝动力学研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体，采用溶胶凝胶法，制备了CoO掺杂的TiO2光催化剂。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外可见漫反射（UV-vis DRS）对催化剂进行了分析、表征。以中压汞灯为光源，研究了亚甲基蓝（MB）在CoO/TiO₂微粒水悬浮液中的降解动力学。结果表明：所制备的催化剂活性组分主要是锐钛矿型的二氧化钛和CoO固溶体，粒径为25～30 nm，分布均匀。亚甲基蓝的光催化降解动力学满足一级动力学，在一定的浓度范围内，反应速率常数随初始浓度增大而减少，适当的掺钴量可以有效地提高TiO₂光催化活性，其最佳掺杂量重量百分比为0.25%。     

江苏海域倾倒区对海洋环境影响的安全性评价

根据江苏连云港航道扩建工程南临时倾倒区面积及其影响海域范围,在疏浚泥倾倒前后,在该倾倒区布设5个断面,每个断面设3个站位,即水质站位15个、沉积物站位15个、生物站位15个,对水质、沉积物,生物进行监测分析.结果表明:倾倒后,各个站佗的DO受到不同程度的污染;高锰酸盐指数低于<海水水质标准>(GB 3097-1997)中的二类海水水质标准;无机氮最大值超出二类海水水质标准;磷和BOD;有所升高;倾倒使水体中石油类物质的含量大幅上升,显著高于倾倒前,反映了石油类物质污染对水体的影响时间较长;疏浚泥倾倒使水体中铅和镉的含量显著上升;叶绿素a有下降的趋势,影响浮游植物的正常生长;疏浚泥倾倒对该海域浮游植物的组成影响不大,浮游植物群落结构较合理,结构基本稳定,倾倒后该海域环境尚适宜浮游植物的生长;倾倒前该海域的底栖生态环境较好,倾倒后总体属于轻度污染状况,说明疏浚泥海洋倾倒对倾倒区底栖生态环境有一定影响.     

Pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure and manure-amended soils in Jiangsu province,China

The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil of livestock farms in Jiangsu province. This investigation employed solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 manure and 50 amended soil samples from 16 livestock farms in Jiangsu province were collected for analysis. In the manure samples, the highest detected frequencies and concentrations were those of tetracyclines (TCs, 54.1 ± 5775.6 μgkg^?1), followed by fluoroquinolones (FQs, 8.4 ± 435.6 μgkg^?1), sulphonamides (SAs, 3.2 ± 5.2 μgkg^?1) and macrolides (MACs, 0.4 ± 110.5 μgkg^?1). Statistical analysis was used to illuminate the pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics for various animal types and different regions in Jiangsu province. The results showed that the pollution level in cow manure was relatively lower compared with pig and chicken manure due to the relative restriction of medication. Furthermore, contamination was serious in amended soil from chicken farms. The pollution level in manure among different regions was higher to the south and north compared with the centre of the region. The same outcome was found for soil. Antibiotic residues in organic fertilizer were also investigated in this study. We found that although the detected concentration was lower in organic fertilizer than in fresh manure, detection frequencies (10–90%) were high, especially for roxithromycin (90%) in MACs (30–90%). This finding suggests attention should be paid to the pollution levels in organic fertilizer. This study is the first extensive investigation of the occurrence and distribution of many kinds of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil from livestock farms of Jiangsu province. This investigation systematically assesses veterinary antibiotics usage and related emissions in southeast China.     

青虾池塘养殖环境效率分析

为以环境友好型效率标准合理引导青虾池塘养殖生产活动，将淡水养殖对环境的影响纳入效率研究的范畴，以青虾池塘养殖为例，分别运用SBM模型和CCR模型，计算了青虾池塘养殖的环境效率和经济效率，以及各投入要素的使用情况。并运用相关分析、配对样本T检验和方差齐次性检验等技术进行比较研究。研究结果表明：当前我国青虾池塘养殖的环境效率（考虑环境因素的经济效率）仅为0476 9，而传统的经济效率（不考虑环境因素的经济效率）为0696 7，前者显著低于后者，且波动性更强。所有的要素投入都存在过量现象。除电费、虾苗和药物投入外，其他各项投入在环境效率中的过量程度均大于经济效率；具有固定成本性质的投入品，如劳动力投入和机械投入的过量程度更为严重；利用率过低致使肥料投入过量程度高于饲料投入。农户资源配置过程中忽视环境成本是根本原因，应引起高度重视     

职业眼面部防护标准体系构建的探讨

标准体系是在一定范围内相关标准按其内在联系而形成的科学有机整体。标准体系的研究与构建是标准化工作的一项重要基础性工作。本文在简要分析我国职业眼面部防护标准体系现状的基础上,根据标准体系的建设目标和编制原则,提出并构建了我国职业眼面部防护标准体系框架。     

陕西省2000年天气气候异常变化与自然灾害

分析陕西省2000年天气气候变化发现，隆冬降雪明显增多，春旱异常严重，秋霖明显，沙尘暴天气明显增加，这是多年来未曾见到的现象。异常的天气气候使得多种自然灾害并发。